Get information to support you and your loved one with recovery from the ICU when you return home.
Returning home after being in the ICU can be a challenging and emotional experience for both you and your family. While it’s a positive step, it’s important to be aware of the potential difficulties. You may have physical challenges, mental and emotional recovery, ongoing medical needs, sleep issues, changes in appetite, and cognitive changes.
Family members and caregivers may also face challenges when their loved one returns home. They might need to provide more hands-on care and emotional support while also coping with their own stress and exhaustion. Becoming a caregiver can be both physically and emotionally tiring, it is important to take care of yourself.
It can take time to adjust to new daily routines, including medication schedules, physical therapy, and medical appointments. Patients and caregivers might need to plan and organize their days differently. Asking other people for help and support is important when transitioning home. You and your loved one will likely need more help than you initially thought you would.
Despite these challenges, with the right support and preparation, recovery at home can be a positive step toward regaining independence. Open communication with health care providers, along with access to resources like physical therapy and mental health support, can make the transition smoother.
You may need some medical equipment when you transition home. Speak to your nurse or occupational therapist about medical equipment rentals in your community.
Critical illness is a traumatic event for everyone involved. It is normal to feel stressed, anxious, and tired. It can help to talk with someone about what is happening and share your concerns. A hospital social worker or a spiritual health practitioner can support you through this. Let your nurse know if you would like to talk with someone.
Your recovery from critical illness
Recovery from a critical illness takes time. It depends on many things including the length and severity of your illness and whether your illness means changes to your lifestyle.
Many people make a full recovery, but it can take months to years. Some people might need medication and further treatment after they return home. Many people who have been treated in the ICU experience a syndrome called Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Anyone who survives ICU can develop PICS. People with PICS have a collection of physical, mental, and emotional symptoms that continue once they leave ICU.
Brain (cognitive) symptoms:
- Trouble thinking clearly, focusing, or remembering
- Feeling upset and tearful
- Forgetfulness
- Not understanding what has happened to you and how ill you were
- Difficulty talking
- Poor concentration
- Trouble organizing thoughts and problem solving
Emotional symptoms:
- Not caring about what you look like
- Feeling guilty about causing worry to your loved ones
- Being quick tempered and snappy
- Feeling scared about how sick you were
- Worried about getting very sick again
- Depression and/or anxiety
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (often called PTSD) including nightmares and unwanted memories
Physical symptoms:
- Muscle weakness, trouble walking, or trouble moving certain body parts
- Feeling tired all the time and not sleeping well
- Difficulty breathing
Families or essential care partners also may also experience a form of PICS called Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Family (PICS-F).
Symptoms of PICS-F in caregivers may include:
- Anxiety and/or depression
- Feeling overwhelmed
- Stress
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Grief
- Changes in sleep
In general, treatment involves addressing whichever symptoms are present. Often, that means combining a few different treatments.
When it comes to PICS, doctors have found that treatments that help with one type of symptom often also help with other types. For example, people who regain the ability to move by working with a physical therapist often feel less depressed, too.
Here are some of the common problems that a person can experience and some ways to help:
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Amnesia
Your memory of the time in the ICU might be hazy or absent. This can be from the illness or medications we gave you. Some people never recall exactly what happened in the ICU.
We suggest you write down information and refer to it until your memory returns to normal.
Many people who have been in ICU find it helpful for family or essential care partners to keep an ICU diary. This diary is used to write down what is happening while you are in ICU. It can help you to understand some of the things that happened to you that you may have trouble remembering. This diary can help you make sense of the nightmares and unwanted memories you may have from being in ICU.
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Voice and breathing
You might find that your voice sounds husky. This change is probably due to having a breathing tube and usually goes away with time. Try not to strain your voice. Talk normally without yelling.
Your breathing might have changed or might not be as strong as before. You might notice wheezing, congestion, or degrees of shortness of breath. Your doctor might order medication to help open your lung passages and make breathing easier.
Keep doing the breathing exercises the physiotherapist or nurse gave you. Your breathing muscles need to get stronger to lower your risk of a chest infection.
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Mood and memory
A critical illness is stressful to both the body and the mind. It is common to have some memory problems and fluctuating moods, feeling down one day and up the next. You might feel sad, angry, or a mix of many emotions. You might have trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and lack of interest or energy. These are normal reactions to illness and should lessen with time. It is part of the healing process to have these feelings sometimes, but if they persist, tell your doctor or nurse so they can help.
Sometimes, it can feel like your recovery is taking a very long time. Try to stay positive and realistic about what you can do. Ask us what you can reasonably expect to be able to do. Remember, if there is anything you are unsure about, we are here to help you.
We suggest you keep a diary or journal of your progress. This can help you focus on your goals and see what you have accomplished.
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Pain management
It is common to have some pain for several reasons. You might have existing or chronic conditions that cause pain. Or, you might have pain from recent surgery, injury or critical illness.
It is very important that you tell your family health care provider about any type of discomfort or pain so they can assess and treat it promptly. Medications alone or in combination with other therapies can control most pain. Managing your pain well helps you feel better and recover faster.
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Sleep
It is common for people to experience changes in their sleeping patterns after a critical illness. It can take time to get back to a normal sleep routine. You may find it harder to fall asleep, or you may wake often during the night. If you have trouble sleeping, try to avoid tea and coffee with caffeine at bedtime, because caffeine can keep you awake. Herbal teas may help you fall asleep. Reading or listening to relaxing music before you go to sleep may also help.
You might have trouble getting to sleep or you might wake up often during the night. Some people experience nightmares or flashbacks, these can be frightening.
If you are having any problems sleeping, let your family health care provider know so they can help.
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Tiredness and exercise
You might find yourself feeling weak, tired, and may have trouble walking. Even though you started moving your body in the ICU, you still need time to build up your strength and endurance.
Your arms and legs might feel heavy and be swollen with fluid, making moving around more of an effort. Your joints might feel stiff and painful.
To help with this, you may consider seeing a physiotherapist in the community to regain muscle strength and mobility. If pain is stopping you from moving around, tell your family health care provider.
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Body image
As a result of being ill, you could find that your appearance has changed. Your body might look swollen, or you might have lost weight. You might notice changes in your hair or in the texture of your skin. These changes are almost always temporary.
Some people comment about scars and marks left on their skin. These are the result of procedures needed to care for you. Most of these marks will fade and some will disappear over time.
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Nutrition
While you are recovering from a critical illness, your body might need extra nutrition to help your recovery and rebuild your strength and energy.
Start with small portions and eat more often during the day. Have small meals and two or three snacks each day instead of three big meals. You can buy specially prepared milk drinks and desserts, like the ones you were given in hospital, which contain lots of vitamins and minerals. You can also speak to a registered dietitian for help with getting good nutrition as your body recovers.
You might have a decreased appetite, feel sick to your stomach (nausea), your mouth may be sore, your throat may be sore, or have difficulty swallowing. Some people notice changes in your sense of taste such as foods tasting saltier, sweeter, or taking on an unusual metallic taste. These usually get better with time.
You might find it easier to eat small amounts more often rather than eating a large amount of food at a meal. It can be helpful to drink nutritional supplements such as Boost® or Ensure® to help you get the nutrition you need.
You may have lost weight from being ill, losing muscle from not being active, and not able to eat as you normally would. You’ll begin to gain weight again as you get better, eat more, and exercise. You will get stronger, but it takes time.
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Post Intensive Care Syndrome Family
Research studies have show us that family members of ICU patients may have high levels of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorders, and/or complicated grief called Post Intensive Care Syndrome Family (PICS-F).
Having a loved on in the ICU may lead to anxiety, depression, and induce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in family members and essential care partners. The unknown and often unexpected situation and the uncertainty of how the person will do in ICU can lead to mental health impacts on families and essential care partners, which may last from ICU admission of the patient until months after ICU discharge.
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Getting back to your daily routine
It’s natural to feel uncertain about returning home or resuming work after your time in the ICU. Recovery takes time, and it’s okay to feel worried about how you’ll cope.
One of the best ways to prepare is by talking with your family. Together, you can plan small adjustments at home to make things easier for you during your recovery.
Remember:
- Recovery is a gradual process. It’s normal if you can’t do everything you used to right away.
- Don’t hesitate to ask for help from friends and family while you regain your strength.
- Focus on doing things at your own pace, start slow and build up gradually.
- Finding a balance between activity and rest.
- Prioritize important activities, like work or childcare, and let less urgent tasks wait until you feel ready.
- Seeing a doctor and/or private PT in the community for specific concerns.
- If seen by PT in hospital: refer to guidance provided by PT and continue your home exercise program. PT may refer to outpatient PT or Home Health PT if appropriate.
It’s okay to lean on your support network and give yourself grace during this period of healing.
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Relationships and family
Your time in the ICU can affect not just you, but also your family and relationships. It’s common to notice changes in how you feel or how others act after such a challenging experience.
Common changes in relationships can include:
- Family dynamics: Your loved ones may have been deeply worried about you and could be overly protective when you return home. This might feel frustrating, but it often comes from a place of love and fear.
- Understanding each other: You might not feel the same interest in hobbies or activities you used to enjoy, which could confuse your family.
If these changes cause tension, try having open, calm conversations. Explain how you’re feeling and what you need. Sharing your thoughts can prevent misunderstandings and help your family know how to support you.
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Processing your ICU experience
It’s also normal to have gaps in your memory from your hospital stay. This can feel confusing or even scary. Talking with your family about what they remember about what happened in the ICU, how they felt, and how they coped can help you piece together the experience.
If your family kept a diary during your time in the ICU, consider going through it together. Reading their reflections can help you better understand their journey and your own.
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Who can I ask for help?
When you are home, you can speak to your family doctor or family nurse practitioner about how you are feeling. They can help refer you to other services if you need them.
Free or low cost counselling and virtual mental health support:
- Virtual services available to British Columbians who are experiencing anxiety, depression, or other mental health challenges available here.